Categories: Physics

Fiber Friction: The Secret to Cozy Knits

Friction Between Yarn Loops Gives Knit Fabrics Their Shape-Shifting Ability

A well-knit sweater feels like a warm embrace, and the reason for that lies in friction.

A recent study uncovers how knit fabrics adapt to different shapes, allowing them to mold comfortably to a body or head. This adaptability results from the friction between interlocking yarn loops, according to physicist Jérôme Crassous and colleagues, who published their findings in the Dec. 13 issue of Physical Review Letters.

When a knit fabric is stretched and then released, it regains its form. One might assume it always returns to a singular shape, much like a rubber band. However, Crassous, from the University of Rennes in France, explains that this is not the case. “There is no unique shape,” he says. “There are many different possible shapes.” These forms are referred to as “metastable states.”

To investigate, researchers stretched a square of stockinette-stitched knit fabric on a rectangular frame, then released the tension and measured the length-to-width ratio. The results showed variation in the fabric’s final shape, depending on the stretching direction and intensity—evidence of multiple metastable states.

Computer simulations of fiber loops confirmed this effect. When friction between the loops was reduced or eliminated in the simulation, the fabric no longer displayed a variety of metastable states. Instead, it always returned to a single shape.

This discovery sheds light on the knitting practice of “blocking,” where knitters wet, shape, and dry a garment to fix its final form. Thanks to friction, this process helps ensure a perfect, cozy fit.

admin

Recent Posts

NASA Launches SPHEREx Telescope to Explore Millions of Galaxies

NASA Launches SPHEREx Telescope to Explore Millions of Galaxies

4 days ago

Quantum Memory Advances Bring Quantum Internet Closer to Reality

Scientists are making strides in developing a quantum internet by testing quantum memories—devices that store…

1 month ago

Scientists Replicate Nature’s Finest Fibers Using Innovative 3D Printing Technique

Researchers have developed a groundbreaking high-resolution embedded 3D-printing technique that creates ultra-fine fibers, mimicking the…

1 month ago

Scientists Uncover Light-Activated Process That Could Enable Full Recycling of Plastics

A groundbreaking discovery presents a promising method for breaking down stubborn plastics like Plexiglass into…

1 month ago

Breakthrough in Solar Cell Technology: New Method Achieves Full Recycling of Perovskite Panels

Researchers at Linköping University have unveiled a sustainable method for completely recycling perovskite solar cells…

1 month ago

A tiny neutrino detector makes a big impact at a nuclear reactor

A compact method of detecting subatomic particles offers new insights into physics theories. A tiny…

2 months ago